Beauty is also linked to other kinds of valuation, such as judgments of good ( Dion et al., 1972 Eagly et al., 1991), and ideas of wellness ( Koskinen et al., 2017). In the current study, we focus on the meaning-knowledge component of the aesthetic triad, by analyzing the natural language of participants. Thus, a conceptual space of beauty may be inferred from the concepts to which it is linked.
Cognitive theory and research have linked the meaning of concepts to their semantic neighborhoods, e.g., concepts that are directly linked to it ( Klimesch, 1987 Landauer and Dumais, 1997 Günther et al., 2019).
According to the aesthetic triad framework ( Chatterjee and Vartanian, 2014, 2016), an aesthetic experience, such as beauty, emerges from three components: A sensory-motor component, an emotional-evaluative component, and a meaning-knowledge component. Despite this pre-occupation with beauty, we have little clarity on what beauty means, and how it is linked to different kinds of valuation.Įxamining this elusive concept based on its associations could provide some sense of how people conceptualize beauty ( Chatterjee, 2014 Chatterjee and Vartanian, 2014 Menninghaus et al., 2019). Beauty is attributed to natural objects (e.g., faces landscapes, animals, etc.) as well as to cultural artifacts (e.g., art and architectural design Menninghaus et al., 2019). We aspire to be beautiful, surround ourselves with beautiful things, and create beautiful artifacts ( Bloch and Richins, 1992 Chatterjee, 2014 Redies, 2014). In contemporary societies that are pre-occupied by the pursuit of beauty and a healthy lifestyle, our findings shed novel light on how people think about beauty and wellness and how they are related across different age generations and by sex.īeauty seems to be a pervasive human pre-occupation ( Grammer et al., 2003 Zangwill, 2005, 2018 Scruton, 2011, 2018 Sartwell, 2017). Finally, we found that women compared to men had more segregated and organized concepts of Beauty and Wellness. In addition, older cohorts had semantic networks that were less connected and more segregated from each other. Wellness was consistently related Aerobics, Fitness, Health, Holistic, Lifestyle, Medical, Nutrition, and Thrive. Beauty was consistently related to Elegance, Feminine, Gorgeous, Lovely, Sexy, and Stylish.
#Clarify definition beauty free#
These mappings were achieved by estimating group-based semantic networks from free association responses to a list of 47 words, either related to Beauty, Wellness, or Beauty + Wellness. To probe their meaning, we applied network science methods to estimate and compare the semantic networks associated with beauty and wellness in different age generation cohorts (Generation Z, Millennials, Generation X, and Baby Boomers) and in women and men. 3Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United Statesīeauty and wellness are terms used often in common parlance, however their meaning and relation to each other is unclear.2Faculty of Industrial Engineering & Management, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.1Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.Kenett 1,2* Lyle Ungar 3 Anjan Chatterjee 1
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